i just wanted to contribute here, as everyone has been really great in answering my simple, mostly ignorant questions.
for all you beginners out there, keep building, even if your first few circuits don't work. Even though you may not know exactly what to do, by trying and by failing, you learn quickly...and you learn a lot of what NOT to do.
-Work slow, be patient
-Build a test box! - seriously, you will be so glad you did. I wish it was the 1st thing i built. It will give you a whole new outlook to these projects (i attached a photo of mine so you can see how simple they can be).
-even if schematic diagrams are completely foreign to you, keep trying & learning how to read them. they DO help you understand. try not to rely
completely on the VERO diagrams.
-when you get the hang of things, EXPERIMENT! this is where a lot of the fun and satisfaction will lie!
thanks everyone!